In situ biaxial stretching for the platelet formation of an ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer through multistage stretching extrusion and its effect on the gas‐barrier properties of polyethylene

The morphological evolution of ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) and its effect on the gas‐barrier properties of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) were investigated. HDPE/EVOH blends were prepared through a multistage stretching extrusion, which combined an assembly of force‐assembling elements (FAEs) with an extruder. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that with an increasing number of FAEs, the biaxial‐stretching field existing in each FAE transformed the dispersed EVOH phase into well‐defined platelets along the flowing plane. Dynamic rheological results further revealed that the formation of the platelets enlarged the interfaces between the dispersed barrier phase and the matrix; this not only led to the decline of the complex viscosity but also created more tortuous paths for the diffusion of gas molecules. Compared with that of the non‐FAE specimen blended with 25 wt % EVOH, the oxygen permeability coefficient decreased more than one order of magnitude when one FAE was applied. The structural model for permeability indicated that the enhanced barrier resulted from the increased tortuosity of the diffusion pathway, which was provided by the aligned high‐aspect‐ratio platelets. Compared with the previous biaxial‐stretching method, multistage stretching extrusion provided a simple and economical way to generate a laminar structure of the dispersed phase in the matrix phase without the application of an external stretching force. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40221.     

Thermal and flammability performance of polypropylene composites containing melamine and melamine phosphate‐modified α‐type zirconium phosphates

In this article, melamine (MA) and melamine phosphate (MP) have been intercalated into α‐type zirconium phosphate (α‐ZrP) interlayer spaces. The structure and thermal properties of the corresponding powders, MA‐ZrP and MP‐ZrP, were ascertained by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Furthermore, polypropylene (PP) and its intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composites containing the two organically modified α‐ZrP powders using maleic anhydride‐grafted PP (JPP) as compatibilizer were fabricated by melt blending. The results from TGA and cone calorimetry demonstrated that PP/JPP and PP/JPP/IFR composites containing MA‐ZrP and MP‐ZrP exhibited better thermal stability and burning behavior in comparison with their corresponding counterparts, PP/JPP and PP/JPP/IFR, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40254.     

Calendered linear low‐density polyethylene consolidated meat and bone meal composites

Bioplastics produced from meat and bone meal (MBM) suffer from rapid and drastic mechanical property deterioration because of their hydrophilic nature. This study investigates mechanical and water stability of composites produced from introduction of a minor component of a synthetic polyethylene as a binder phase to consolidate MBM. The milled and sieved MBM was compounded with 5–60 wt % linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) and formed into composite sheets by calendering, which is an industrially relevant process. Results indicated that a minimum of 15 wt % LLDPE content was required to form a nominally continuous binder phase that allowed for good processability and environment stability of the composites. As expected, the water vapor permeability (WVP) and water absorption characteristics of the composites were intermediate between those of MBM and LLDPE. Sheets containing 15 wt % LLDPE absorbed up to 35 wt % water. Composites tested after being soaked in water showed an initial decrease in TS of about 30% for the first hour but then remained fairly unchanged in the next 72 hours, confirming their moderate environment stability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41145.     

Investigation on the morphology and tensile behavior of β‐nucleated isotactic polypropylene with different stereo‐defect distribution

Large amount of work has been published on the tacticity‐properties relationship of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). However, the stereo‐defect distribution dependence of morphology and mechanical properties of β‐nucleated iPP (β‐iPP) is still not clear. In this study, two different iPP resins (PP‐A and PP‐B) with similar average isotacticity but different uniformities of stereo‐defect distribution were selected, their β‐iPP injection molding specimens were prepared, and the morphology evolution and tensile behaviors were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 2D wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (2D‐WAXD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). DSC results showed that with the same concentration of β‐nucleating agent (0.3 wt % WBG‐II), PP‐B with more uniform stereo‐defect distribution exhibited more amount of β‐phase than that of PP‐A with less uniform stereo‐defect distribution, indicating that PP‐B is more favorable for the formation of β‐phase. SEM results showed that PP‐B formed more amount of β‐crystals with relatively high structural perfection, while in PP‐A a mixed morphology of α‐ and β‐phase with obviously higher amount of structural imperfection emerges. The results of room‐temperature tensile test indicated that the yield peak width of PP‐B was obviously wider, and the elongation at break of PP‐B was higher than that of PP‐A, showing a better ductile of PP‐B. The morphology evolution results of SEM, 2D‐WAXD and DSC suggest that, a combination of lamellar deformation and amorphous deformation occurred in PP‐A, while only amorphous deformation mainly took place in PP‐B, which was thought to be the reason for the different tensile behaviors of the samples. In the production of β‐PP products via injection molding, the uniformity of stereo‐defect distribution was found to be an important factor. PP with more uniform distribution of stereo‐defect favors the formation of large amount of β‐phase with high perfection, which exhibit superior ductile property. The related mechanism was discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 40027.     

巧用符号规则快速演算Maxwell关系式

Maxwell关系式是化学热力学中非常重要的公式,但公式中存在交替出现的偏导数和状态函数变量,导致公式结构相似、难记忆。本文针对Maxwell关系式难记忆的问题,介绍一种简单、高效的记忆方法—符号规则记忆法,在教学过程中引入符号规则,成功解决学生记忆Maxwell关系式的难题,学生熟练掌握Maxwell关系式。     

构造叠加晕找矿方法在某金矿区深部找矿预测中的应用

为评价某金矿深部找矿潜力及找矿靶区预测,文章采用构造叠加晕的找矿方法,通过系统的岩石地球化学分析及构造叠加晕理论模型的建立,对某金矿区主矿体(LM8)进行了深部找矿潜力评价和找矿靶区预测。文章以该金矿的成矿地质背景、成矿作用、成矿期次、矿床类型、矿床地质特征等作为基础资料,提出了该金矿床具有多阶段、多时期叠加成矿的特点,且矿体受NWW向韧性剪切带控制明显。研究结果表明:金矿区主矿体(LM8)深部存在盲矿体,且矿体延伸较大,经SDZK1901、SDZK1902钻孔验证,预测靶区找矿效果良好,显示了构造叠加晕找矿方法在该区域找矿方面具有良好的实用性,为区域金矿勘查提供借鉴意义。     

黑龙江三道湾子金矿床构造叠加晕模式及找矿靶区预测

通过对三道湾子金矿床构造叠加晕研究,表明Au是形成金矿体的最直接、最重要的指示元素,Ag是重要伴生元素。As、Sb、Hg是金矿的前缘晕特征指示元素。Cu、Pb、Zn强异常反映Ⅱ阶段叠加,可能形成富矿体。Bi、Mo、Mn、Co是尾晕指示元素。经计算分带序列,发现Sb、As、Hg前缘晕元素出现在分带序列的下部,出现反分带,反映了矿化叠加。建立矿床构造叠加晕模式,并成功预测深部盲矿靶位。     

施工企业经营工作中的公共关系浅析

以树立企业社会信誉 ,承揽更多任务为目的 ,对施工企业经营工作中公共关系的重要性进行了分析 ,并阐述了其产生的原因、作用 ,从而达到搞活、搞好企业的效果     

中国古典建筑的自我认同精神之美学赏析

以儒学为主导的中国传统文化给人的存在提供了一个自我认同的精神家园,中国古代人的自我认同精神,具有在人伦关系中得以确立和以德性化的形式表现出来两个主要特征;自我认同精神的两种特征,在中国古典建筑文化中有相应的表现方式,只有理解这些,才能更好地欣赏中国古典建筑。